Sino-Pakistan ties: Diplomacy to strategic partnership

Pakistan and China, longtime Asian allies, kicked off celebrations this week to mark the 70th anniversary of their diplomatic relations, which have progressed from formal diplomacy to strategic partners in recent decades. The year 2021 marks the completion of 70 years of diplomatic relations between the two countries, established in May 1951. The celebrations began with a virtual ceremony held simultaneously in Islamabad and Beijing on Tuesday as both nations plan a series of events to commemorate the historic milestone until May 21. Often cited as “deeper than oceans,” and an “all-weather friendship,” Sino-Pakistan ties have expanded from defense and diplomacy to economy and energy over the past three decades, making Beijing the largest trade and defense partner of Islamabad. The first highest-level official contact between the two countries began with a meeting between Pakistan’s former Prime Minister Mohammad Ali Bogra and his Chinese counterpart Zhou Enlai at the Bandung, Indonesia Conference in 1955. The contact was followed by the respective visits of Pakistani Premier Hussain Shaheed Suharwardi to China and Premier Zhou to Pakistan in the coming years. The signing of the boundary agreement between the two countries in 1963, however, is viewed as the foundation for today’s partnership between the “iron brothers.” Pakistan’s national flag carrier, Pakistan International Airlines, became the first non-communist country’s airline to operate flights to China in 1964. Islamabad also supported Beijing in its successful bid to reclaim its permanent seat at the UN in 1971. Apart from backing Pakistan in the 1965 and 1971 wars against arch-rival India, China supported Islamabad’s efforts to maintain security balance in the region after New Delhi joined the elite nuclear club in 1974. China was accused by Western countries and their media of quietly helping Pakistan develop its nuclear capability in the 1980s, despite Islamabad being a US ally in the first Afghan war against the crumbling Soviet Union. “Pakistan-China relations are quite unique. And probably without precedent in the recent diplomatic history of the world,” said Mushahid Hussain, chairman of the Senate’s foreign relations committee. “As the relationship between two neighbors unequal in size and social systems, but bound together by mutual interests, which have been reinforced over the past decade,” Hussain, a journalist-turned-politician, told Anadolu Agency. Referring to Pakistan’s support for the One-China policy and Beijing’s backing of Islamabad on the lingering Kashmir dispute, he further said, “Both countries support each other without any traditional give and take.” Echoing Hussain’s views, Sabah Aslam, head of the Islamabad-based think tank, Institute of Conflict Resolution, said: “In these 70 years, the world has seen a significant global political shift. However, one thing prospered, the bond between China and Pakistan.” This “brotherly bond,” she opined, has more to offer than just strategic partnership. “That is why it is called an all-weather bond.”   Economic and defense cooperation The multi-billion-dollar China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), a flagship venture of Beijing’s ambitious Belt Road Initiative (BRI), has further expanded economic cooperation between the longtime allies. The $64 billion CPEC was signed in 2014 with the aim of connecting China’s strategically important northwestern province of Xinjiang to the Gwadar port in southern Pakistan through a network of roads, railroads, and pipelines for transporting oil, gas, and shipments. In December 2020, Beijing lent a $1 billion soft loan to Islamabad to repay Saudi Arabia, the second installment of a $3 billion loan Pakistan had borrowed to prop up its depleting foreign reserves in 2018. In addition, China helped Pakistan develop main battle tanks like Al-Khalid, and JF-Thunder fighter jets. Islamabad also awarded a contract for four Chinese multi-role warship Type-054 frigates to state-run China Shipbuilding Trading Company and HZ Shipyard in 2017. “Pakistan-China relations, in fact, have remained a factor of stability in the region. While being neighbors they share borders and therefore have many stakes, yet the strength of their relationships lies in mutual respect, mutual trust, and the win-win approach that the leaderships and peoples of both countries have consistently followed,” said Khalid Rahman, Chairman of the Islamabad-based think tank, Institute of Policy Studies. “With CPEC and BRI in progress, new vistas of cooperation have opened up both for bilateral as well as regional and global development,” he told Anadolu Agency.